Fluid circulation system



Dec. 18, 1934. v. l.. RoNcl ET Al.

FLUID CIRCULATION SYSTEM V. E /K MRMMM UAA 7m RQH. AT AA MJD m o M T V N B w. w

Filed May 18, 1932 Patented Dec. 18, 193.4y

UNITED STATES PATENT loI-FIcE A1,984,548 FLUID CIRCULATION srs'rEM Victor L. Ronci, Brooklyn, James E. Clark, Astoria, and Douglas A. Hale, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignors to Bell Telephone Laboratories, In-

corporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 18, 1932, Serial No. 612,144

y7 Claims. (Cl. Z50-'4275)' This invention relates to fluid circulation syser than the outer diameter of the anode so that tems and more particularly tolcooling jackets a Very narrow passageway is formed. The end for high power! electron discharge devices of the portions of the casing are brazed to the anode external anode type. t and are so formed as to be flexible to allow ex- In high powerelectron discharge devices; the pansion and contraction of the anode. Each 5 anode is heated to hightemperaturesduring the end portion is provided with a plurality oi opoperation of the device and it becomes necessary posed tubular extensions disposed with their axes to convey the heat away from the anode to presubstantially perpendicular to the longitudinal vent distortion and destruction thereof. The axis of the anode. The extensions on one end cooling of the anode isusually accomplished by portion constitute inlets for the jacket while 10 passing a cooling mediumv such as Water over the the extensions on the other end portion constiouter surface of the anode, for example, through tute outlets. y The aggregate cross-sectional area a jacket consisting of the anode and a surroundof the inlets, and of the outlets is made equal ing casing mounted thereupon. Heretofore, it to the area ofthe passageway between the anode l5 has been the customary practice to provide an and the encircling cylindrical casing, so that a lo inlet at one end of the jacket and an outlet at constant velocity of ow is maintained through the other end of the jacket and to provide -a the cooling jacket. A relatively largev and uniform clearance between lAs Va cooling medium such as water enters the the anode and the surrounding casing. This inlets, the tubular end portion communicating construction has. been found satisfactory for dewith the `inlets becomes substantially lled with 20 vices of a rating of a few kilowatts.. the medium, swirling action being prevented by However, in jackets of ysuch construction, the the opposed disposition of the inlets. The mecooling medium is caused to swirl about the dium then ilows into the passageway between the anode and asa result eddies are formed in the anode and the encircling cylindrical casing,

medium which impede the ow of the cooling passes over the anode surface parallel to the 25 medium and 'produce air pockets within the longitudinal axis of the latter and flows out chamber adjacent the anode surface. Moreover, through the outlets. because of the swirling action and the resultant This construction prevents the formation of centrifugal forces, the cooling medium tends to air pockets within the jacket and insures good ilow away from the anode and toward theinner contact of the cooling medium with the anode 30 wall of the surrounding casing. Consequently so that the heat of the anode is dissipated efthe heat from the anode is dissipated ineiiicientfectively and efficiently. Electrolytic action in ly and in devices having arelatively high capathe joints of the jacket occasioned by the high city, for` example 100 kilowatts, the anode is not anode potentials employedv in the operation of adequately cooled. the device is substantially eliminated and leaks An object of this invention is to eiciently and in the jacket are prevented. Rupture of the effectively cool anodes in high power electron joints is prevented by expansion of the end discharge devices. portions which compensate for unequal expan- In accordance with a feature of this invention sion between the anode and the casing and 40 the above described difiiculties are overcome by thereby minimize the StleSSeS in the joints be 40 so constructing the jacket that the cooling metween the anode and the casing. dium flows parallel to the longitudinal axis of The'finvention willbe understood more clearly the anode and in substantially uniform contact from the following detailed description with refwith the entireisurface of the anode. erence to the accompanying drawing in which:

,Ina specific embodiment of this invention an Fig. 1 is a perspective view in elevation of a 45 electron discharge :device comprises an encloshigh power electron discharge device embodying ing vessel including a cylindrical metallic pora cooling jacket of this invention, and a mounttion which serves as theanode of the device. ing therefor;

A metallic casing encircles the anodeandcon- Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of sists of two similar opposed sections each includthe cooling jacket and the anode of the device F ing a cylindricalportion and an annular tubular illustrating the space relationship of these eleend portion. The cylindrical portions are suitments and showing the conguration of the end ably joined together to form a cylindrical shell portions of the jacket; concentrically disposed about the anode. The Fig. 3 is an enlargedend View, partly in crossinner diameter of the shell is'but slightly greatsection, of the cooling jacket; and

59 which is provided with interior lianges 60 and 61. The flange 60 nts into slot 62 in the extension 26 or 28, while the flange 61 fits between the circumferential flanges 47 on the coupler 46. The socket 57 may be forced against the adjacent end of the extension 26 or 28 by rotating the coupler member 46 to form a iiuid-tight connection.

When it is desired to remove the device from the support, the couplers 46 are rotated to withdraw the sockets 57 from the extensions 26 and 28. The clamping members 59 are then removed so that the extensions 26 may be withdrawn through the slots 58 of the sockets, the device rocking about the upper sockets, with the inlet extensions 28 serving as bearings or trunnions. The device may then be completely detached from the support by withdrawing the extensions 26 from the associated sockets. In mounting the device upon the support, the re verse procedure is, of course, followed.

Although the invention has been described with particular reference to high power electron discharge devices, it may be used to advantage in other assemblies of similar character where it is desired to cool a device eiiiciently and effectively. Moreover, modications may be made in the speciiic construction shown and described without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. For example, three or more outlets and inlets may be used instead of two, the outlets and inlets being so disposed that the pressures occasioned by the streams flowing therethrough are neutralized to prevent swirling action of the cooling medium.

What is claimed is:

1. An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel including a cylindrical metallic portion adapted to serve as the anode of the device, an electron emission electrode within said vessel cooperatively disposed with respect to said anode, a casing including a cylindrical shell encircling said anode and closely spaced with respect thereto to form a narrow tubular passageway, said casing having a toroidal end portion forming an enlarged chamber at one end of said shell, means defining a restricted opening between said chamber and said tubular passageway, a plurality of inlets connected to said toroidal end portion and disposed at such angles to one another that the resultant pressure of the cooling streams flowing through said inlets in one plane is substantially zero, and an outlet connected to said shell remote from said end portion.

2. A cooling jacket for an electron discharge device of the external anode type, comprising a shell adapted to be disposed about the anode of the device to form a narrow passageway therewith, an inlet chamber at one end of said shell, a pair of diametrically opposed inlet extensions for said chamber, and an outlet extension communicating with said passageway remote from said chamber.

3. A cooling jacket for an electron discharge device of the cylindrical external anode type, comprising a cylindrical shell adapted to be concentrically disposed about the anode of the device to form a narrow tubular passageway therewith, an inlet chamber at one end of said shell of greater cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of said passageway, means defining a restricted annular channel between said chamber and said passageway, a pair of diametrically opposed inlet extensions for said chamber, and an outlet extension communicating with said passageway remote from said chamber.

4. A cooling jacket for an electron discharge device of the cylindrical external anode type, comprising a cylindrical shell adapted to be concentrically disposed about the anode of the device to form a narrow annular passageway therewith, means defining a chamber of greater cross-sectional area than said passageway at each end of said shell, means dening a restricted channel between said passageway and said chambers, a pair of diametrically opposed inlet extensions communicating with one of said chambers, and an outlet extension communicating with the other of said chambers.

5. In combination, an electrical device having a cylindrical metallic portion adapted to be cooled, and a casing comprising a cylindrical shell concentrically disposed about said portion and closely spaced with respect thereto to form a tubular passageway having a hollow toroidal member at each end of said casing secured to said metallic portion, the inner inside walls of each of said toroidal members being spaced apart to provide a restricted annular channel between each of said toroidal members and said passageway, a pair of radially extending diametrically opposed tubulations forming inlets to one of said toroidal members, and a pair of radially extending diametrically opposed tubulations forming outlets from the other of said toroidal members.

6. An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel having a cylindrical metallic portion forming the anode of the device, a cathode within said vessel, a casing including a cylindrical shell concentrically disposed about said anode and forming a narrow tubular passageway therewith, a hollow toroidal member at each end of said shell and integral therewith, said toroidal members being secured to said anode and defining expansible joints between said anode and said shell, means defining a restricted channel between each of said members and said passageway, an inlet extending from one of said toroidal members, and an outlet extending from the other of said members.

7. In combination, an electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel having a cylindrical metallic portion adapted to serve as an anode of the device, an electrode within said vessel cooperatively disposed with respect to said anode, a casing mounted upon said metallic portion and forming a cooling jacket therewith, said casing including a shell disposed about said metallic portion and closely spaced with respect thereto to form a narrow tubular passageway, hollow toroidal members integral with said shell at the ends thereof encircling said vessel and forming chambers of greater cross-sectional area than said tubular passageway, means delining a restricted annular opening between each of said chambers and said passageway, a pair of radially extending diametrically disposed tubulations on each of said toroidal members forming inlets and outlets respectively for said jacket, a support including coupler members forming sockets for said tubulations, and means for connecting said coupler members with a uid circulating system.

VICTOR L.r RoNcI. JAMES E. CLARK. DOUGLAS A. HALE. 

